Retrieving structural indicators from the World Bank Data360 API.
A country profile requests every registry indicator for the economy and its curated peers. Responses are cached for 24 hours after the first retrieval.
Retrieving structural indicators from the World Bank Data360 API.
A country profile requests every registry indicator for the economy and its curated peers. Responses are cached for 24 hours after the first retrieval.
Long-running conditions that generate grievance, constrain livelihoods or limit state capability. Structural indicators can evidence these directly.
School enrollment, secondary (% gross) is a candidate structural driver: School enrollment, secondary (% gross) for Benin was 43.56 PT in 2022 (1y -0.71, 3y -0.43, 5y -11.7). Sustained movement in this series indicates a condition that persists independently of any single event.
Capacities that absorb shock: service delivery reach, human capital, connectivity, fiscal room. Improvement here is analytically as important as deterioration elsewhere.
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) is holding, which constrains how quickly other pressures can translate into system failure. Life expectancy at birth, total (years) for Benin was 60.96 YR in 2024 (1y +0.19, 3y +1.35, 5y +1.07).
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) shows strengthening, which is a protective factor that should be weighted alongside adverse movement elsewhere. Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) for Benin was 74.70 DT_10P3BR_L in 2024 (1y -2.50, 3y -7.50, 5y -12.3).
Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) shows strengthening, which is a protective factor that should be weighted alongside adverse movement elsewhere. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) for Benin was 518.0 DT_10P5BR_L in 2023 (1y -29.0, 3y -60.0, 5y -67.0).
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) is weakening, reducing the system’s capacity to absorb pressure originating in other domains. Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) for Benin was 61.64 PT in 2022 (1y -6.12, 3y +2.68, 5y -13.1).
Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) shows strengthening, which is a protective factor that should be weighted alongside adverse movement elsewhere. Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) for Benin was 51.38 PT in 2022 (1y +7.55, 3y +2.38, 5y +12.5).
Prevalence of undernourishment (% of population) is weakening, reducing the system’s capacity to absorb pressure originating in other domains. Prevalence of undernourishment (% of population) for Benin was 14.30 PT_POP in 2023 (1y +1.00, 3y +2.60, 5y +2.90).
Access to electricity (% of population) shows strengthening, which is a protective factor that should be weighted alongside adverse movement elsewhere. Access to electricity (% of population) for Benin was 57.00 PT_POP in 2023 (1y +0.50, 3y +16.0, 5y +18.0).
Individuals using the Internet (% of population) shows strengthening, which is a protective factor that should be weighted alongside adverse movement elsewhere. Individuals using the Internet (% of population) for Benin was 33.98 PT_POP in 2024 (1y +1.59, 3y +5.78, 5y +13.5).
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) shows strengthening, which is a protective factor that should be weighted alongside adverse movement elsewhere. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) for Benin was 125.9 10P2PS in 2024 (1y +9.90, 3y +31.0, 5y +44.6).
People using at least basic drinking water services (% of population) is holding, which constrains how quickly other pressures can translate into system failure. People using at least basic drinking water services (% of population) for Benin was 69.59 PT_POP in 2024 (1y +0.31, 3y +0.95, 5y +1.60).
People using at least basic sanitation services (% of population) shows strengthening, which is a protective factor that should be weighted alongside adverse movement elsewhere. People using at least basic sanitation services (% of population) for Benin was 22.25 PT_POP in 2024 (1y +0.70, 3y +2.08, 5y +3.41).
Government Effectiveness (WGI estimate, approx. -2.5 to +2.5) shows strengthening, which is a protective factor that should be weighted alongside adverse movement elsewhere. Government Effectiveness (WGI estimate, approx. -2.5 to +2.5) for Benin was -0.19 SCORE in 2024 (1y +0.03, 3y +0.02, 5y +0.13).
Political Stability and Absence of Violence (WGI estimate) is weakening, reducing the system’s capacity to absorb pressure originating in other domains. Political Stability and Absence of Violence (WGI estimate) for Benin was -0.40 SCORE in 2024 (1y -0.09, 3y +0.01, 5y -0.21).
Rule of Law (WGI estimate) is weakening, reducing the system’s capacity to absorb pressure originating in other domains. Rule of Law (WGI estimate) for Benin was -0.41 SCORE in 2024 (1y -0.02, 3y -0.03, 5y -0.02).
Control of Corruption (WGI estimate) is weakening, reducing the system’s capacity to absorb pressure originating in other domains. Control of Corruption (WGI estimate) for Benin was -0.24 SCORE in 2024 (1y -0.14, 3y -0.08, 5y -0.00).
Mechanisms that convert structural pressure into mobilisation or violence. These require actor, institutional and event evidence. Structural data cannot establish them.
No conflict amplifier can be established from the structural layer. Amplifiers are mechanisms such as elite bargaining failure, security force conduct, armed actor recruitment, communal dispute resolution breakdown, and external sponsorship. These require ACLED or equivalent event data, actor mapping, and field reporting. The structural evidence above indicates where to look for them; it does not identify them.
Where structural evidence suggests preventive effort would address a driver rather than a symptom.
Preventive effort addressing prevalence of undernourishment (% of population) would engage a structural condition rather than a downstream symptom. Whether it is the binding constraint depends on evidence outside this layer, and the human development domain reading should be tested against local political economy analysis before it drives programming.
Preventive effort addressing political stability and absence of violence (wgi estimate) would engage a structural condition rather than a downstream symptom. Whether it is the binding constraint depends on evidence outside this layer, and the institutional and fiscal capacity domain reading should be tested against local political economy analysis before it drives programming.
Preventive effort addressing rule of law (wgi estimate) would engage a structural condition rather than a downstream symptom. Whether it is the binding constraint depends on evidence outside this layer, and the institutional and fiscal capacity domain reading should be tested against local political economy analysis before it drives programming.
Preventive effort addressing control of corruption (wgi estimate) would engage a structural condition rather than a downstream symptom. Whether it is the binding constraint depends on evidence outside this layer, and the institutional and fiscal capacity domain reading should be tested against local political economy analysis before it drives programming.
Operating environment constraints and service restoration priorities relevant to stabilization planning.
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) sets a baseline for what service restoration would have to reach. Life expectancy at birth, total (years) for Benin was 60.96 YR in 2024 (1y +0.19, 3y +1.35, 5y +1.07). National coverage figures conceal subnational variation, so this establishes an order of ' + 'magnitude for planning rather than a targeting basis.
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) sets a baseline for what service restoration would have to reach. Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) for Benin was 74.70 DT_10P3BR_L in 2024 (1y -2.50, 3y -7.50, 5y -12.3). National coverage figures conceal subnational variation, so this establishes an order of ' + 'magnitude for planning rather than a targeting basis.
Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) sets a baseline for what service restoration would have to reach. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) for Benin was 518.0 DT_10P5BR_L in 2023 (1y -29.0, 3y -60.0, 5y -67.0). National coverage figures conceal subnational variation, so this establishes an order of ' + 'magnitude for planning rather than a targeting basis.
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) sets a baseline for what service restoration would have to reach. Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) for Benin was 61.64 PT in 2022 (1y -6.12, 3y +2.68, 5y -13.1). National coverage figures conceal subnational variation, so this establishes an order of ' + 'magnitude for planning rather than a targeting basis.
Capacity, access and delivery factors bearing on who can implement, and through what systems.
Institutional and fiscal capacity readings bear directly on which delivery channel is viable. Where fiscal series are absent or stale, the absence itself is relevant to partner selection: it indicates limited public financial management reporting, which constrains budget support modalities.
Connectivity and electricity access constrain remote monitoring, digital cash transfer and beneficiary verification designs. These are operational planning parameters, not risk judgments.
What to track so that a change in the structural baseline is detected rather than inferred after the fact.
Track Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) at each World Bank publication round. The next observation either extends the current run or breaks it, and that is a falsifiable check on the present reading.
Track Prevalence of undernourishment (% of population) at each World Bank publication round. The next observation either extends the current run or breaks it, and that is a falsifiable check on the present reading.
Track School enrollment, secondary (% gross) at each World Bank publication round. The next observation either extends the current run or breaks it, and that is a falsifiable check on the present reading.
Track Political Stability and Absence of Violence (WGI estimate) at each World Bank publication round. The next observation either extends the current run or breaks it, and that is a falsifiable check on the present reading.
Track Rule of Law (WGI estimate) at each World Bank publication round. The next observation either extends the current run or breaks it, and that is a falsifiable check on the present reading.
Track Control of Corruption (WGI estimate) at each World Bank publication round. The next observation either extends the current run or breaks it, and that is a falsifiable check on the present reading.
Track the 15 indicator(s) currently improving. Loss of that improvement would remove a countervailing factor from the assessment, which is a more consequential change than further movement in an already adverse series.